The journal is committed to maintaining the integrity, transparency, and high ethical standards of scholarly publishing and follows internationally recognized publication ethics principles.

Authorship and contribution. Only individuals who have made a substantial contribution to the research should be listed as authors. All authors are responsible for the content of the article and must approve the final submitted version.

Conflict of Interest and Funding. Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose actual or potential conflicts of interest. All sources of research funding must be disclosed. If there is no external funding, authors should state: “This research received no external funding.”

Research ethics and misconduct. Plagiarism, fabrication or falsification of data, duplicate publication, authorship misconduct, and other forms of research misconduct are unacceptable. The journal reserves the right to investigate suspected misconduct and take appropriate action.

Complaints and appeals. Authors may submit a reasoned appeal against an editorial decision or a complaint concerning the journal's editorial processes. All complaints and appeals are reviewed objectively and confidentially by the editorial team.

Corrections and retractions. A correction may be published when a significant error is identified after publication. An article may be retracted when serious issues affect the reliability or integrity of its findings. Corrections and retractions are clearly identified and linked to the original article.

Ethical oversight. Research involving human participants, personal data, or other ethical considerations must comply with applicable ethical requirements and legislation.

Data and reproducibility. Authors should provide sufficient information about data sources and research methods to support the understanding and, where possible, reproducibility of their research. Sharing of research data and materials is encouraged unless restricted by legal, confidentiality, or other justified limitations.

Corrections and Retractions

A correction notice will be published for significant errors identified after publication and will be linked to the original article. An article may be retracted when serious issues compromise the reliability or integrity of its findings. The original version of a retracted article will not be removed; its retraction status and reason will be clearly indicated on the article page.

Complaints and Appeals

Authors may submit a reasoned appeal against an editorial decision or a complaint concerning the journal's publishing processes. Complaints and appeals may be submitted through the journal's official contact channel and will be reviewed impartially, confidentially, and within a reasonable period. Appeals are considered on the basis of the relevant arguments and any new information provided by the author, and the final decision is communicated to the author in writing.