Green export of Kazakhstan: development opportunities and problems

Summary

On a global scale, geopolitical conflicts and climate change issues in our current world are pushing to limit or eliminate the use of traditional energy types and transition to new and renewable energy types. In this regard, the preparations of hydrocarbon-rich Kazakhstan for the new era, the plans and programs adopted, and especially the investigation of the production and export of new types of energy are of urgent importance. The study examined hydrogen types, Kazakhstan's new green energy agreement with the European Union, hydrogen export routes, transportation challenges, changes in the legislative framework for green energy development in the country. In parallel with this, the European Union's need for green hydrogen, the level of demand for green hydrogen at the global level until 2050, the level of water consumption volume for the production of green hydrogen in Kazakhstan, and the form of export to Europe have not been determined, so the article proposed possible options for the delivery of green hydrogen.