One of the newest concepts to increase welfare and meet the needs of the world's population is sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development includes the issues of equitable distribution of resources between present and future generations, taking into account each of the economic, social, and environmental needs of society. Against the background of the development of the world economy, especially environmental needs come to the fore. The institution of an economic system operating within the framework of environmental principles is one of the main objectives of the modern world. The article examines the phenomenon of climate change, which has a special place in the issues of ecological economy, the problem of externalities in terms of environmental worries, and the general directions of state policy in this area.